Balancing Act
25.09.2025
Earlier this year, the United States announced its withdrawal from the World Health Organization, the withholding of funds destined for the UN Human Rights Council under the United Nations’ (“UN”)...
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Flying Too Low?
24.09.2025
Artificial islands have become central flashpoints in maritime disputes, particularly in the South China Sea. Their strategic use by coastal states raises difficult questions under international law, especially regarding the...
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The First in Absentia Confirmation at the ICC
23.09.2025
Last week, the International Criminal Court (ICC) held its first-ever confirmation of charges hearing in absentia, in the case of The Prosecutor v. Joseph Kony. Twenty years after the Court...
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After Semenya
22.09.2025
The Grand Chamber’s decision in Semenya v. Switzerland marks a pivotal development in the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) evolving engagement with international arbitration. The case concerned Caster Semenya,...
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Between Norms and Implementation
18.09.2025
Introduction: Framing the Debate Colombia’s Decree 488/2025 has prompted a renewed debate about the role of administrative instruments in realising indigenous territorial autonomy and implementing constitutional pluralism. In their recent...
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The Dollar is No Longer the Mighty Reserve Currency
08.08.2025
This blog explores the complexities of the post-1971 dollar-based monetary system, a framework that has underpinned decades of American economic pre-eminence. However, as U.S. debt levels approach unsustainable thresholds, there...
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“What’s in a Name?”
07.08.2025
On January 20, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump issued Executive Order 14172, “Restoring Names That Honor American Greatness”, which mandated inter alia the renaming of the U.S. continental shelf area...
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At the Nexus of Reproductive Crimes and Torture
07.08.2025
Susann Aboueldahab
Alexandra Lily Kather
Akila Radhakrishnan
This post examines the case of Alaa M. to shed light on an often-forgotten dimension of gender-based crimes – reproductive violence. In an important new precedent, the Higher Regional Court...
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International Courts and Tribunals under Cyber-Threat
07.08.2025
In June 2025, the International Criminal Court (ICC) was targeted by a cyber-attack. This incident occurred some two years after an ‘unprecedented’ cyber-attack shook the ICC in September 2023. Earlier,...
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One Health in the New Pandemic Agreement
06.08.2025
After over three years of negotiations, on 20 May 2025 the 78th World Health Assembly (WHA) finally adopted a new international instrument, the WHO Pandemic Agreement, which aims to strengthen...
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Carl Schmitt, International Law, and Constitutional Tradition in the United Kingdom
06.08.2025
Mads Andenas
Eirik Bjorge
We live in a time when international law seems “to be called into question more fundamentally than before” (Georg Nolte, p. 230). The debates to which this situation gives rise...
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A New Liability Frontier?
05.08.2025
Tajra Smajic
Gustavo Leite Neves da Luz
On 24 April 2025, the United States (U.S.) White House issued an Executive Order titled “Unleashing America’s Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources” (the Executive Order) aimed at accelerating the development...
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It Is Not Just International Law; It Is Also a Cat
01.08.2025
No matter how and from which direction you drop a cat, it always lands on its feet. The same goes for international law, or rather international lawyers, whose infallible feet...
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- Article
- Symposium
- Tackling Human Rights, Environmental Protection and Business – A Multilevel Approach
Call for Papers: Tackling Human Rights, Environmental Protection and Business
30.07.2025
Rishiti Choudaha
Jessica Commins
Dani Spizzichino
Our teams invite interested persons to contribute articles in English or German to our online-symposium “Tackling Human Rights, Environmental Protection and Business – A Multilevel Approach”. Who we are The...
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A Gendered Analysis of Famines as Genocide-Locating Opportunities for International Law
30.07.2025
Though famines affect women to a greater degree than men, this gendered impact is rarely recognized in international law. With the current food crisis in Gaza, famines as genocidal acts...
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Cut the Carve-Out
29.07.2025
In the hallowed halls of British justice, a familiar narrative recently played out: a clash between the government's sovereign power in foreign affairs and its obligations under international law. The...
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One Step Forward, Two Steps Back?
28.07.2025
The Essential Security Interest (ESI) clause, despite its increasing prevalence in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), has been subject to conflicting interpretations by Tribunals over the last few decades. The provision...
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New ECtHR Climate Cases
25.07.2025
On 7 May 2025, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) rendered the inadmissibility decisions De Conto v Italy and 32 Others and Uricchio v Italy and 31 Others. They are the first climate cases to be decided by a...
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The Role of International Cooperation and Technology Transfers in Advancing Equity in Global Health
24.07.2025
“With health, everything is a source of pleasure; without it, nothing else, whatever it may be, is enjoyable...Health is by far the most important element in human happiness”. Arthur Schopenhauer...
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The Conundrum of Initial Appearance
23.07.2025
On 3 June 2025, the Appeals Chamber (AC) of the International Criminal Court (the ‘ICC’) pronounced its judgement on the confirmation of charges in absentia in the case of Joseph...
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Where Law Ends, Harm Begins
23.07.2025
Ruggero Leotta
Hendrik Mathis Drößler
In early May 2025, the recently elected German government implemented a highly controversial border policy aimed at intensifying checks along its borders with Poland and the Czech Republic. Initiated by...
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Between Principle and Power
22.07.2025
Gaza and Iran are not simply sites of armed conflict; they are legal thresholds—points at which the integrity of the post-1945 legal order is tested and, increasingly, revealed as inefficient....
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Legal Pluralism in Practice?
22.07.2025
Sebastian Machado Ramírez
Paolo Amorosa
On 5 May 2025, the President of Colombia issued Decree 488 establishing ‘regulations concerning the functioning of Indigenous territories and their coordination with other territorial entities’. A post by Marzia...
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From Mare Liberum to Make America Great Again
21.07.2025
In April 2025, US President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled Unleashing America’s Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources, instructing the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fast-track licenses for seabed...
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In Defence of Digital Satire
17.07.2025
The European Court of Human Rights’ recent decision in Yevstifeyev and Others v. Russia raises pressing questions about the protection of satirical speech in digital spaces. One of the applications...
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Israel’s Rising Lion
17.07.2025
It is never trite to emphasize that the law on the use of force is straightforward: it prohibits the use of force in international relations. Before 1945, it was left...
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A Kantian Critique of SS and Others v Italy
15.07.2025
Last month, the European Court of Human Rights unanimously dismissed an application by survivors of a Mediterranean ‘pullback’ operation. Although Italian coast guard officials were the first to receive the...
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Pushing Back Responsibility
15.07.2025
In June 2025, the Greek government announced the deployment of naval warships to international waters off the Libyan coast, framing the operation as a necessary intervention to prevent migrants from...
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The Long Road to Exploit Deep Sea Minerals
14.07.2025
Niels-Juergen Seeberg-Elverfeldt
Andreas Kaede
The Rules to exploit minerals from the deep seabed outside national jurisdiction are currently drafted under the auspices of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). There is, however, continuous disagreement between...
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Versammlungsfreiheit und Selbstschutz
10.07.2025
Am 20. Mai 2025 entschied der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (EGMR) einstimmig: Deutschland hat durch die strafrechtliche Verurteilung eines Demonstrierenden aus dem Schutzwaffenverbot gem. §§ 27 II Nr. 1, 17a...
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Oh Self-Defence, Where Art Thou?
04.07.2025
On 7 May 2024, India conducted airstrikes across the Line of Control, claiming it was acting in response to a terrorist attack in Pahalgam. The operation was termed Operation Sindoor. The...
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Historical Responsibility at Hammelsgasse 1
03.07.2025
Whenever Germany applies universal jurisdiction, abstract allusions to the country’s historical responsibility abound. Responsibility is a state of being; but eight decades after the end of the Second World War,...
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Donald Trump und das Doppelte Kredibilitätsproblem
02.07.2025
Schon vor einigen Jahren bezeichnete Stefan Talmon Donald Trump als „Totengräber des Völkerrechts“. Was sich in Trumps erster Amtszeit andeutete, transformiert sich in den ersten Monaten seiner zweiten Amtszeit in...
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Autocratic Alliance?
27.06.2025
On June 19, 2024, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the North Korea–Russia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty in Pyongyang. The signing of the treaty...
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Blanket Bans behind Bars
26.06.2025
On 29 April 2025, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered its judgment in “Tergek v. Türkiye”, holding by a slim 4–3 majority, that the Turkish authorities’ refusal to...
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The Road Not Taken?
23.06.2025
On 30 September 2024, the Republic of Lithuania took the noteworthy step of referring the situation in Belarus to the International Criminal Court’s Prosecutor. Lithuania’s referral alleges that crimes against...
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The Siege Within
20.06.2025
Israel has blocked humanitarian aid from entering Gaza since the end of a ceasefire in March, throwing the territory into what is believed to be the worst humanitarian crisis in...
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From Humiliation to Historic Partnership?
17.06.2025
After the highly publicized fallout between the presidents of Ukraine and the United States at the White House in March 2025, both leaders have now reconciled. By the end of...
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Space Data as ‘Investment’ in International Investment Law
12.06.2025
Outer space is now a dynamic, commercialized arena, prompting economic and legal systems to reassess how value is defined beyond Earth. The rise of private actors has driven new value...
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Dracarys and Law
11.06.2025
Fiction constructs speculative worlds where the meaning of restraint, responsibility, and legitimacy can be tested and revealed. Focusing on the destruction of King’s Landing in Season 8, Episode 5 of...
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The Hague and Europe’s Last Dictatorship
10.06.2025
Aleksandr Lukashenko’s regime has been in power for over 30 years. Belarusians who have fled the country report years of systematic repression, persecution, and inhuman treatment by authorities. These accounts...
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Thin Line Between Protection and Permission
02.06.2025
On April 1, 2025, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered a landmark ruling in Ships Waste Oil Collector B.V. and Others v. the Netherlands. They held that the Netherlands’...
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Unchecked Industrialization, Environmental Degradation, Risk Society, Spatial Justice
28.05.2025
Introduction Recently, the Supreme Court of India took suo motu cognizance with respect to the deforestation activities being undertaken in the Kancha Gachibowli Forest, Telangana. Shrubs and bushes were felled,...
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EU Steps Forward
22.05.2025
Corporate accountability is increasingly recognized as essential in addressing the twin triple planetary crises of climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. As transnational corporations (TNCs) dominate global supply chains, their...
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Trump’s Tariff Plan
21.05.2025
Poorva Sharma
Vasujit Dubey
In February 2025, US President Donald Trump announced the Fair and Reciprocal Trade Plan (hereinafter ‘F&RP’), a comprehensive overhaul of US trade policy aimed at ‘rebalancing’ what he views as...
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Between a Soft and a Hard Place
20.05.2025
Cristina Elena Popa Tache
Cătălin-Silviu Săraru
International financial governance is characterised by an increased proliferation of non-binding instruments (‘soft law’). The European Union (EU) stands out as an influential actor in this trend, both through the...
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The Paris Agreement’s Crucial Test
15.05.2025
Harsh Mahaseth
Aryaman Keshav
Humans survive. Whether it is pandemics, volcanic eruptions, or the ice age; humans endure and survive. With the effects of global warming at the door, human survival is once again...
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The UK Supreme Court’s Unworkable Sex Definitions in For Women Scotland
14.05.2025
Manon Beury
Lena Holzer
Electra Zacharias
On 16 April 2025, the UK Supreme Court decided in the case of For Women Scotland Ltd v. The Scottish Ministers that the term “woman” in the Equality Act 2010...
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India, the Indus Waters Treaty, and the Limits of Good Faith
14.05.2025
Parthiban Babu
Sai Ramani Garimella
The terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir on April 22, 2025, reportedly perpetrated by militants operating from Pakistani territory, has reopened a long-familiar fault line in South Asian politics. Yet...
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The New European Convention for the Protection of the Profession of Lawyer
13.05.2025
On March 12, 2025, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe unanimously adopted the European Convention for the Protection of the Profession of Lawyer (‘the Convention’). This instrument...
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Will the Swiss Grandmas Travel the World?
12.05.2025
Hannah Leoni Stahl
Aylin Yildiz Noorda
Liz Hicks
Anticipation has run high for what some call the KlimaSeniorinnen ruling delivered on 9 April 2024. While it is too early to definitively assess the KlimaSeniorinnen ruling’s impact on law...
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Trumps ökonomische Erpressung
09.05.2025
Die Zollpolitik der USA unter Donald Trump war schon 2018 ein rechtspolitischer Stresstest. In der öffentlichen und juristischen Diskussion dominierte damals die Bewertung im Rahmen des Welthandelsrechts – insbesondere nach...
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Reproductive Violence in Occupied Gaza
08.05.2025
Israel’s commission of reproductive violence on the Gaza Strip exemplifies the impunity surrounding violations of Palestinians’ right to reproductive health. Since Israel’s breach of the Israel-Hamas ceasefire on 18 March...
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Precaution as Obligation?
01.05.2025
On March 14, 2025, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) made public a landmark ruling holding Ecuador internationally responsible for the violation of various rights of the Tagaeri and...
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Non-Penalization Under Threat
28.04.2025
In February 2025, the United Kingdom (UK) introduced new guidance for its immigration staff regarding the “good character” requirement in its citizenship applications. Under the new guidance, people who have travelled...
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Protecting Nationals Abroad in Hostile Times
23.04.2025
In the midst of a perilous global moment, the fate of many immigrants in the U.S. threatened with removal seems to hang by a thread. This is bound to give rise to...
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The Plight of Palestinian Refugees
22.04.2025
Introduction With regards to refugee status determination, Palestinians are uniquely positioned under international law. This unique position goes back to the Arab-Israeli war in 1948, when thousands of Palestinians fled...
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Forgotten Crisis in a World in Turmoil
15.04.2025
While many in Europe are focused on the Russo-Ukrainian War, or perhaps on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and eroding transatlantic relations, one major contemporary issue has been left out of public...
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On the Fragmentation of International Law and Global Health Law
09.04.2025
Introduction A set of intertwined compelling questions need to be answered by the Bureau of the World Health Organization (WHO) Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) before presenting the results of the...
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Remembering Abel Nathan Willing (1856-1925)
01.04.2025
Dass der US-amerikanische Völkerrechtler Abel Nathan Willing völlig in Vergessenheit geraten ist, lag nicht nur an den juristisch-politischen Zeitumständen. Auch seine Persönlichkeit, die mit dem Etikett „schwierig“ nur unzureichend gekennzeichnet...
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Remembering Abel Nathan Willing (1856-1925)
01.04.2025
The fact that the American international law expert Abel Nathan Willing fell completely in oblivion was not only due to the legal and political circumstances of the time. His personality,...
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Lawfare: The Mortal Kombat of Jurisprudence
17.03.2025
Carl von Clausewitz, a prominent Prussian military theorist at the beginning of the 19th century, in his major work “Vom Kriege” (On War), described war as nothing more than the continuation...
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Finally, “Rainbow Jurisdiction” at the International Criminal Court?
14.03.2025
On 23 January 2025, the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor Karim A. A. Khan KC has filed the first two applications for arrest warrants in the situation in Afghanistan. These...
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Democracy on Trial
13.03.2025
Toni Selkälä
Shorena Nikoleishvili
Regular elections constitute a cornerstone of democratic societies. In most states, elections are timed, organised, and administered in accordance with detailed electoral legislation. The right to cast a vote and...
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EU Deforestation-Free Regulations
13.03.2025
On the island of Borneo, Malaysia, palm trees stretch as far as the eye can see. Malaysia is the world’s second largest palm oil producer after Indonesia. However, the European...
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The Law of Treaties and Ukraine’s Resource Curse
11.03.2025
The spectacle around their White House meeting on Friday, 28 February, between Donald Trump and Volodymyr Zelenskyy was and is widely reported. The meeting was supposed to peak in the...
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Draft Rules on Deep Seabed Mining in a Critical Phase
11.03.2025
Andreas Kaede
Niels-Juergen Seeberg-Elverfeldt
The “Regulations on Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Area” (hereafter: “Exploitation Rules”) are currently drafted under the auspices of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). It was established by the...
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“Senator, I Can’t Give You a Yes or No Answer”
10.03.2025
At the end of January, videos of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s confirmation hearings went viral. Kennedy – a controversial figure best known for his anti-vaccines rhetoric – was chosen by...
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Klimagutachten des Internationalen Gerichtshofs
19.02.2025
Während der Antrag der UN Generalversammlung für ein Gutachten zur Frage der Pflichten von Staaten bezüglich Maßnahmen gegen den Klimawandel als Meilenstein gefeiert wird, besteht das Risiko, dass das Gericht...
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Steering the Tide
17.02.2025
The 2016 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in favor of the Philippines marked a landmark moment in the geopolitical and legal disputes over the South China Sea...
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Putting the Cart before the Horse?
04.02.2025
On 3rd October 2024, Mauritius and the United Kingdom published a Joint Statement on both governments’ websites (UK.gov and govmu.org). This political agreement addresses the sovereignty of the Chagos Islands,...
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XX (b), (g) and Everything in Between
27.01.2025
The interaction between trade and climate has become a legal and geopolitical hotbed. The European Union (‘EU’) recently decided to introduce a carbon tariff, which would result in hiked prices...
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Seabed Warfare
24.01.2025
Countless submarine cables are the communicative backbone of a globalized world of states. Today they form a “new front line”. The same can be said of other elements of critical...
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UNRWA, Gaza and the Recent Request for an Advisory Opinion
23.01.2025
After more than a year of hostilities, there are no appropriate words to describe the humanitarian situation in Gaza. The situation is beyond the imaginable and every word that could...
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Divergent Digital Futures
17.01.2025
In the last decade, countries have made efforts at both regional and international levels to clarify their positions regarding the application of international law to information and communication technology in...
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Ecocide as the Fifth International Crime
16.01.2025
The international criminal law framework could soon expand to include ‘ecocide’—the arbitrary, severe, and either widespread or long-term destruction of ecosystems. On September 9, 2024, Fiji, Samoa, and Vanuatu submitted...
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Forum of Mayors
14.01.2025
For the fourth year in a row, conference room XXII in the Palais des Nations in Geneva changes guard and the delegate seats usually assumed by States are filled in...
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La Destruction de la « Victime Idéale »
09.01.2025
Avec le récent rapport d'Amnesty International sur le génocide en Palestine et les mandats d'arrêt de la Cour Pénale Internationale (CPI), les violences sexuelles et sexistes (VSS) pourraient enfin recevoir...
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Crushing the “Ideal Victim”
09.01.2025
Amid the recent Amnesty International report on genocide in Palestine and the ICC arrest warrants, it is to be hoped that sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) will now receive increased...
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The ECT’s Long Road to Modernisation
19.12.2024
On 3 December 2024, the Energy Charter Conference (ECC) adopted the amendments to modernise the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). It was concluded in the 1990s mainly to protect energy investments,...
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Proxy Wars and International Criminal Law
17.12.2024
José Manuel Aznar Puyalto
After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, there has been a resurgence in the discussions around aggression and the homonym crime. However, the debate has mainly centred around...
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Eurocentrism in Ukraine’s Ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
16.12.2024
Ukraine’s ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (hereinafter, the ICC Statute) has reignited the war of words over the pros and cons of this decision. Domestically,...
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Nagorno-Karabakh
13.12.2024
The September 2023 mass displacement of Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh, widely characterized as ethnic cleansing, reignites the critical debate on the limits of self-determination under international law. The extreme oppression faced...
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Climate of Justice
12.12.2024
Abhijeet Shrivastava
Aastha Kapoor
Increasingly, litigants recognize the strategic and discursive utility of using human rights proceedings in the fight against climate change. One of the key issues here is the pursuit of remedies...
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The ITLOS Advisory Opinion on Climate Change
11.12.2024
Laisa Branco de Almeida
Julia Cirne Lima Weston
On 12 December 2022, the Commission of Small Island States (COSIS) submitted a request for an advisory opinion to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS or...
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Somewhere, Beyond the Sea
05.12.2024
Maximilian Beyer
Maira Sophie Müller
On 3rd October 2024, the UK and Mauritius announced a historic agreement on the issue of the disputed Chagos Islands. Subject to a future treaty, the UK will hand over...
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Legal Echoes
03.12.2024
Lisa Wiese
Adrian Schildheuer
For the second time in twenty years, the ICJ emphasized third states’ obligations arising from Israel’s violation of self-determination and other erga omnes obligations. The July 2024 Advisory Opinion (AO)...
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The Conundrum of the Komstroy Declaration
27.11.2024
The European Union (EU) appears relieved by the CJEU’s Komstroy decision, viewing it as a means to exit all pending and future intra-EU arbitrations under the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)....
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Remaining Tensions Between the “Global Souths” and the “Global Norths”
26.11.2024
Tejas Rao
Renatus Otto Franz Derler
The Convention on Biological Diversity gained increased momentum with the establishment of the 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) which aimed to address the limitations of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets...
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UNGA-Resolution 2758
25.11.2024
Im Oktober 2024 nahm das Europäische Parlament (EP) eine Resolution an, in der es China anschuldigt, Resolution 2758 der Vollversammlung der Vereinten Nationen (UNGA) mit dem Ziel fehlzuinterpretieren, Taiwans Beteiligung...
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Die europäische Verteidigungspolitik am Scheideweg
18.11.2024
Der Aufstieg autoritärer, rechtsnationaler und/oder populistischer Parteien in den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union hält schon seit mehreren Jahren an. Eine Stagnation dieser Entwicklung ist für die nahe Zukunft nicht abzusehen....
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A Silver Lining of the US Election?
09.11.2024
So Trump won. Pollsters predicted 50:50 chances for both candidates just before the election (see e.g. here and here). But it was not to be: Donald Trump won in a...
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America Reimagined
04.11.2024
Frederike Kanschat
Gordon Friedrichs
Traditionally viewed as a leader in upholding a rules-based international order, the U.S. saw its global role fundamentally challenged during Donald Trump’s first presidency. Trump's "America First" approach disrupted international...
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DSI – What?!
01.11.2024
The use of DSI (Digital Sequence Information) is one of the hot topics discussed at the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 16), taking place...
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Oh Captain, whose Captain?
31.10.2024
Als eines der zentralen Prinzipien des Seevölkerrechts regelt das Flaggenstaatsprinzip die Verantwortung über Schiffe auf See. Nach Art. 5 (1) des Internationalen Abkommens über die Hohe See von 1958 (IAHS)...
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Boycotts, Divestments, and Sanctions
30.10.2024
Over the past few months, visitors to Cairo have encountered an unusual sight: once-bustling fast-food chains like McDonald's and KFC now stand eerily empty. Similar scenes have been reported in other Muslim-majority...
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On Genocide, Amidst the Shouting, Silence is the Message
29.10.2024
Speaking in May at a celebration of Jewish Heritage Month, President Biden denounced the decision earlier that month by the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) to seek arrest...
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When Does the Obligation to Comply with Provisional Measures End?
28.10.2024
In the pending case of Allegations of Genocide (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the question arises as to the effect of the ICJ’s partial...
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A Complex Relationship
24.10.2024
In Alleged Breaches of Certain International Obligations in respect of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Nicaragua v. Germany), Nicaragua took Germany to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for alleged violations...
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