What Venezuela Actually Is About
19.03.2026
On January 3, the US launched an attack on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and kidnapped President Nicolás Maduro. While the legal assessment appears largely undisputed (see here, here, here;...
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On ‘Taking Back Venezuelan Oil’
17.03.2026
Even though previous U.S. administrations have certainly also pursued ‘America First’ policies, defined as the advancement of national, or rather corporate interests through U.S. foreign policy, including through overt and...
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At the Twilight of the “Liberal” International Legal Order
11.03.2026
Aytekin Kaan Kurtul
Onur Uraz
The operation launched by the United States in Venezuela on 3 January 2026, culminating in the abduction of President Nicolás Maduro, has already been analysed through familiar lenses: the legality...
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The ‘Trump Corollary’ to the Monroe Doctrine
28.02.2026
On 2 December 2025, the White House published the National Security Strategy 2025. It contains the explicit invocation of a ‘Trump Corollary’ to the Monroe Doctrine. The US attack on Venezuela...
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Head of State Immunity
27.02.2026
According to a widespread view among scholars, heads of state and heads of government are, and have long been, entitled to an absolute personal immunity from foreign jurisdiction (here, here and...
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The Life and Death of the Prohibition on the Use of Force
15.01.2026
They say you die twice – once when you stop breathing and again when your name is spoken for the last time. By all accounts, the prohibition on the use...
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The U.S. Strikes Against Venezuela and the Credibility of the Anti-Aggression Norm
06.01.2026
In the early hours of 3 January 2026, the United States conducted an operation involving strikes against Venezuelan targets. In an apparent escalation, President Nicolás Maduro was captured and removed...
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