Finances

International financial governance is characterised by an increased proliferation of non-binding instruments (‘soft law’). The European Union (EU) stands out as an influential actor in this trend, both through the...

Dear Bertha, welcome to Völkerrechtsblog. Thanks for agreeing to take the time to answer our questions so thoroughly. How do you assess the commitment of the states – particularly the...

Dear Margaretha, a very warm welcome back! I believe that the overall sentiment among all of us was one of ambitious expectations for the outcomes of COP29, accompanied by a...

In recent years, loss and damage (L&D) has shifted from the margins into the spotlight of multilateral negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A key...

The Principle of ‘Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities’ (CBDR-RC) holds all states responsible for addressing human-driven climate change and environmental destruction but acknowledges that some states have historically...